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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean<br><br>CLKs' awareness and capacity to make use of relational affordances as well as learning-internal factors, were significant. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both mentioned their relationships with their local professors as a significant reason for them to choose to avoid criticising an uncompromising professor (see example 2).<br><br>This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on core pragmatic topics including:<br><br>Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)<br><br>The test for discourse completion is a common tool in pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. The DCT is one example. It does not take into account individual and cultural differences. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. It is important to carefully analyze the data before being used for research or assessment.<br><br>Despite its limitations the DCT can be a useful instrument to study the relationship between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables that affect the manner of speaking in two or more steps can be a plus. This characteristic can be utilized to study the role of prosody in various cultural contexts.<br><br>In the field of linguistics DCT is one of the most effective tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to investigate many issues, such as manner of speaking, turn-taking, and lexical choices. It can be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners in their speech.<br><br>A recent study used the DCT to test EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with a range of scenarios to choose from and then asked to choose the most appropriate response. The authors discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods like a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other types of methods for collecting data.<br><br>DCTs can be designed with specific linguistic criteria, such as the form and content. These criteria are intuitive and is based on the assumptions made by the test developers. They are not necessarily precise, and they could be misleading about the way ELF learners actually refuse requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for further research on alternative methods of measuring refusal competence.<br><br>A recent study examined DCT responses to requests made by students through email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results showed that the DCT promoted more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and a lower use of hints than the email data did.<br><br>Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)<br><br>This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs with intermediate or higher ability who responded to MQs and DCTs. They were also required to provide reflections on their assessments and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs are more likely to resist native Korean norms of pragmatism. Their decisions were influenced primarily by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities,  [https://telegra.ph/15-Of-The-Best-Pinterest-Boards-All-Time-About-Free-Slot-Pragmatic-12-16 프라그마틱 사이트] their ongoing life histories, as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.<br><br>The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' actual choices. The data was categorized according Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the choices with their linguistic performance on DCTs to determine if they are indicative of resistance to pragmatics. Interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing a pragmatic behavior in certain situations.<br><br>The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and z-tests. It was found that CLKs frequently resorted to phrases like "sorry" and "thank you." This could be due to their lack of familiarity with the target language which led to a lack of knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 norms or diverging from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. In Situations 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.<br><br>The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their practical resistance to each DCT situation. RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribing, and then coded by two coders who were independent. The coding was an iterative process in which the coders read and discussed each transcript. The coding results were then contrasted with the original RI transcripts, which gave an indication of how the RIs accurately portrayed the core behavior.<br><br>Refusal Interviews (RIs)<br><br>One of the major questions in pragmatic research is the reason why learners choose to resist the pragmatic norms of native speakers. Recent research sought to answer this question using various experimental tools including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants included 44 CLKs and 46 CNSs from five Korean Universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2 levels. Then they were invited to a RI where they were asked think about their responses to the DCT situations.<br><br>The results showed that, on average,  [https://bitsch-solis-2.mdwrite.net/7-things-youve-never-known-about-pragmatic-free-trial-meta/ 프라그마틱 추천] 무료 [https://avila-klitgaard-2.mdwrite.net/the-3-greatest-moments-in-pragmatic-free-game-history/ 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법], [https://operascrew83.bravejournal.net/7-small-changes-that-will-make-the-difference-with-your-pragmatic-free-game operascrew83.bravejournal.net], the CLKs disapproved of native-speaker pragmatic norms in over 40% of their answers. They did this even though they could produce patterns that closely resembled natives. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal factors such as their personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing life histories. They also referred external factors, like relationship benefits. For example, they described how their relationships with professors helped facilitate an easier performance in relation to the intercultural and linguistic norms of their university.<br><br>However, the interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and consequences that they could be subjected to if they strayed from the local social norms. They were concerned that their native counterparts may view them as "foreignersand consider them ignorant. This is similar to the one expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).<br><br>These findings suggest that native speakers' pragmatic norms are not the default preference for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should consider reassessing the applicability of these tests in different cultural contexts and specific situations. This will help them better understand the effects of different cultural contexts on the classroom behavior and interactions of students in L2. This will also help educators improve their methods of teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor at Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based out of Seoul.<br><br>Case Studies<br><br>The case study method is a research strategy that utilizes intensive, participant-centered research to investigate a specific topic. It is a method that uses numerous sources of data to help support the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This kind of research is useful when analyzing specific or complex subjects which are difficult to assess with other methods.<br><br>In a case study, the first step is to clearly define the subject as well as the objectives of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are crucial to study and which are best left out. It is also helpful to review existing literature related to the subject to gain a greater knowledge of the subject and place the case study in a broader theoretical context.<br><br>This case study was based upon an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] along with its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study showed that L2 Korean learners were extremely dependent on the influence of native models. They tended to select wrong answers that were literal interpretations of prompts, which were not based on the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed an inclination to include their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, further detracting from the quality of their responses.<br><br>Moreover, the participants of this study were L2 Korean learners who had attained level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their third or second year of university and were hoping to achieve level 6 on their next attempt. They were asked questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and knowledge of the world.<br><br>The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each of which involved a hypothetical interaction with their interlocutors and asked to choose one of the following strategies to employ when making an inquiry. The interviewees were asked to justify their decision. Most participants attributed their pragmatic opposition to their personality. TS, for example said she was difficult to talk to and would not ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they were working at a high rate, even though she believed native Koreans would.